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 Hacked by V00doo 2eam
Posted by abdali on Sunday, August 03 @ 15:16:46 PKT (14 reads)
shouq writes "Hacked by V00doo 2eam Hacked by V00doo 2eam Hacked by V00doo 2eam Hacked by V00doo 2eam Hacked by V00doo 2eam Hacked by V00doo 2eam Hacked by V00doo 2eam Hacked by V00doo 2eam Hacked by V00doo 2eam Hacked by V00doo 2eam Hacked by V00doo 2eam Hacked by V00doo 2eam
Ap0k0lyps and D1g1talAnarch1st were here"
(comments? | Score: 1)
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Disease Surveillance is a main tool for the
Posted by abdali on Sunday, August 03 @ 15:15:55 PKT (6 reads)
Anonymous writes "Disease Surveillance is a main tool for the
eradication of Transboundry Animal Diseases
from Pakistan
Report on Participatory Disease Surveillance
in District Pakpattan and Sahiwal
Transboundry Animal Diseases
The Transboundry Animal Diseases are great threat for the livestock population as well as for the economy of the country. The eradication of Transboundry Animal Diseases such as Rinderpest, Foot and Mouth and PPR from Pakistan is a task of the day for Livestock and Dairy Development Department. The eradication of any Transboundry Animal Diseases needs timely reporting and diseases Surveillance to control the epidemics. The eradication program of Transboundry Animal Diseases from Pakistan is in progress with the coordination of Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and European commission (EC). The task of disease Surveillance and activities according to the OIE path way on the ground and now the Pakistan have been declared Rinderpest Disease free country provisionally since January 2003.
For the complete eradication and to get Rinderpest Disease free country status, the regular disease surveillance activity is being carried out through participated disease Surveillance (PDS) Teams through out Pakistan.
PDS TEAMS
The PDS team (B) consists of Dr Muhammad Rasheed in charge of the team with Dr Muhammad Ashraf and Dr Waseem Shahzad are trained by the FAO consultant Dr Jeff Marriner. The PDS team (B) after having the work plan from the Livestock and Dairy Development Department Punjab started its work in the 11 districts (PAKPATTAN,SAHIWAL,OKARA,FAISALABAD,TOBBATAKESINGH,JHANG,BHAKKAR,MIANWALEE,QASOOR,SHAKHOPURAand LAHORE) of central Punjab from April 28 ,2003. In the month of the May June, 2003 the PDS Team(B) visited District Pakpattan and Sahiwal covering 159 villages which were randomly selected by the data analyst of Livestock and Dairy Development Department Punjab .
PARTICIPATORY EPIDEMIOLOGY TOOLS
In these villages the PDS Team (B) applied the different tools of Participatory Epidemiology such as Proportional Pilling, Mapping of the area/village, Seasonal calendar for the on set of different livestock disease. The exercise of Proportional Pilling with the local formers was the actual key to detect the different livestock diseases in that particular area prevalence and importance wise. In these exercises which were conducted at the public place of village after proper announcement through Mosque loud speaker. In these meetings 3156 formers participated and PDS team(B) delivered different extension messages to get more milk / meet from livestock on proper fodder and feeding , balance ration , better management and record keeping . The formers were also advised preventive measures for the different prevailing livestock disease such as Piroplasmosis , Mastitis and Worm Infestation.
KEY INFORMANTS
The information regarding the Transboundry Animal Disease was also gathered through 101 key Informants which were identified during farmers meeting or known as Siannas. They were also interviewed separately to know the exact situation of livestock disease in the area.
DISEASE SITUATION STUDY
The PDS Team (B) visited there 12 specific areas / villages which became in the notice by the farmers during meeting meetings , local veterinary staff or District Livestock Officer concerned. These area/villages were visited and actual disease situation with its control were reported accordingly.
LABORTORY SAMPLES
While working in the villages the farmers brought different sick animals for the treatment or prescription. The PDS Team (B) prescribed proper treatment for the sick animals and collected 20 samples which were suspected for contagious diseases and dispatched to the quarter concerned for final result.
CATTLE MARKETS
The livestock movement is also a great source of transmitting the disease bacteria or virus to one place to another. To survey the situation of different cattle markets the PDS Team(B) visited 3 cattle markets in district Sahiwal and Pakpattan and observed that animals having clinical symptoms of Transboundry Animals Diseases or not brought in these cattle markets .
FIELD VETERINARY STAFF
In District Pakpattan and Sahiwal the PDS Team (B) visited more then 10% of the whole area and contacted 98 field veterinary personals visiting 38 filed veterinary institution. The filed veterinary staff was requested to report any contagious disease which came in their notice by the farmer or veterinary Assistant, so that by adopting the disease surveillance on regular basis, the Transboundry Animal Diseases could be eradicated through early warning and early control system.
CONCLUSION
The PDS Team (B) applied all the tools of Participatory Epidemiology on the farmers while visiting the villages of district Pakpattan and Sahiwal. It is quite relieving that main Transboundry Animal Disease Rinderpest is not prevailing in these districts since 25 year, but Foot and Mouth Disease is present in some area of Sahiwal and Pakpattan in mild form. It is also quite encouraging that most important contagious livestock disease Hemorrhagic Septicemia (HS) is now under control in district Sahiwal and Pakpattan and livestock owners are getting prompt livestock services from Livestock and Dairy Development Department, resulting better income generation from livestock sector.
To know the detail of report or any activity / subject of the report please contact:
Dr Muhammad Rasheed
In charge PDS Team (B)
Phone: 0441-63963 (O)
0441-50305 (R)
E-Mail: vetdr@swl.paknet.com.pk
"
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PAKISSAN.COM ONLINE INTERVIEW
Posted by abdali on Sunday, August 03 @ 15:15:02 PKT (20 reads)
Anonymous writes "PAKISSAN.COM ONLINE INTERVIEW
WITH CHAIRMAN WAPDA PAKISTAN LT.GEN(R)ZULFIQAR ALI KHAN
"WAPDA AND AGRICULTURE"
COMING SOON
WHAT IS THE ROLE OF WAPDA IN THE DEVOLPMENT OF PAKISTANI AGRICULTURE?
WHAT PACKGE FOR AGRI FARMER ON ELECTRICITY OFFER BY WAPDA ?
AND U CAN ALSO ASK QUESTION ONLINE FROM CHAIRMAN WAPDA
IF U HAVE QUESTIONS SUGGESTIONS RECOMENDATIONS FOR WAPDA FOR
THE DEVOLPMENT OF PAKISTANI AGRICULTURE
SEND US BY E-MAIL
khalidshouq@pakissan.com
INTERVIEWERS
BY DR KHALID MAHMOOD SHOUQ
EDITOR
PAKISSAN.COM92 300 6620616
TANVEER SHEZAD
AN INTERNATIONAL FAME BUSINESS JOURNALIST
"
(comments? | Score: 0)
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SEASONAL AVAILABILITY OF MINERALS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF SUPPLEMENTATION FOR GRA
Posted by abdali on Sunday, July 20 @ 16:04:11 PKT (5 reads)
Anonymous writes "SEASONAL AVAILABILITY OF MINERALS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF SUPPLEMENTATION FOR GRA
ADVERTISEMENT
SEASONAL AVAILABILITY OF MINERALS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF
SUPPLEMENTATION FOR GRAZING LIVESTOCK
Zafar Iqbal Khan Ph.D Student Department of Botany, University of
Agricultural Faisalabad.
Livestock in Pakistan is the backbone of agriculture and plays a very
important role in the economy of the country. Its contribution is
more than 8% to annual GDP of the country. Livestock provides
essential animal protein to human population in the form of milk,
meat, eggs, and other dry by products. In addition, it provides
motive power, hide, skin, and considerable share in foreign exchange.
Pakistan is facing a serious shortage of meat and milk. From the meat
and milk viewpoint sheep and goats cannot be neglected. Meat of sheep
and goats is eaten more than beef. Milk of sheep and goats is also
used in many areas of Pakistan.
The levels of nutrition and mineral utilization are known to affect
the reproducing ability of both male and female sheep and goats.
Minerals are the essential nutrients bearing a significant role in
the animal nutrition, because their excess or deficiency produces
detrimental effects on the performance of livestock. Trace elements
Cu, Co, Zn, Fe, Se, I, Mo, Mn, and certain macro-elements like K, Ca,
Na, Cl, P have been found to be very essential for normal livestock
growth. Mineral imbalances in soil and forage have long been held
responsible for impaired performance among the ruminants.
Infertility, non-infectious abortions, anemia, and bone abnormalities
are some of the clinical signs suggested for mineral deficiencies in
livestock.
Pakistan is a land of different soils having different agro-climatic
regions. The quality and quantity of nutrients of forage mainly
depend on irrigation. Mineral availability, particularly trace
elements, vary to a very great extent from soil to plants and
animals. Micronutrients are depleted more from light textured and
calcareous soils, particularly when high yielding crop varieties are
grown under intensive cropping system. Limited research work
conducted in the country has indicated areas of mineral imbalance and
deficiencies in the soil, water, and feed stuffs. With the increase
in human population, the demand of milk and meat production is
increasing day by day, and to meet thee demands, there is an immense
need to improve the health status and production capability of dairy
animals. This can only be achieved if we are abreast with the
physiological norms, the disturbance of which lowers productivity.
There are numerous problems of health, reproduction, and meat
production in sheep and goats in different regions of the world.
Wasting diseases, loss of hair, depigmented hair, skin disorders, non-
infectious abortion, diarrhoea, anaemia, loss of appetite, bone
abnormalities, tetany, low fertility, retained placenta, still birth,
mastitis sudden death pica and immune suppression are clinical signs
often suggestive of mineral deficiencies through out the world.
Despite these problems, very little information is available on blood
chemistry of goats and sheep belonging to different agro-climatic
regions. There are various factors, which play important role in
their rate of reproduction, and minerals one of them. Mineral
elements are dietary essentials for all animals and influence the
efficiency of livestock production. Infect approximately 5% of the
body weight of an animal consists of minerals. Minerals are required
for the proper functioning of animal body and to prevent the diseases
in the animals caused by their deficiency. Minerals in addition to
vitamins are involved in tissue defense mechanisms against free
radical damage to biological systems, several metalloenzymes which
includes glutathione peroxidase (Se), catalase (Fe), and superoxide
dismutase (Cu, Zn and Mn) are also critical in protecting the
internal constituents from oxidative damage.
A major problem in formulating precise nutritional requirements for
minerals in the small holder growing areas in the lack of appropriate
in farmers knowledge. Farmers in most of the developing countries
have a high quest for information on how they can improve the
productivity of their animals for cash benefits and provision of
draft power. Our ability to monitor trace minerals in livestock has
greatly increased with the development of very sensitive analytical
procedures. Trace mineral imbalances exert a significant effect on
the health and productivity throughout the tropical countries. This
is particularly true in the small holder grazing areas where there is
no supplementation. For example, after P, the deficiency of Cu is the
more limiting mineral to grazing livestock in trophies, and low Cu
level due to Mo toxicity has been recorded as a suspected deficient
element in some areas.
Generally, livestock severs first to meet dietary and farm work
requirements, and second as a source of income. The limited feed
resources indicate that increased production cannot be achieved
merely through increasing the number of the animals, but reinforcing
the need to improve the productivity of feed quality.
Goat and sheep production is the center piece of Pakistan's meat
industry, and forage is used as the primary source of nutrients.
However forage and soil mineral imbalances are common in this region,
typified by acid, sandy, infertile soils, Majority of forages are
frequently deficient in essential minerals in relation to ruminants
requirements. Many naturally occurring deficiencies in grazing
livestock can be related to soil characteristics.
Mineral nutrition disorders range from acute mineral deficiency or
toxicity diseases, characterized by well marked clinical signs and
pathological changes, too difficult to diagnose mild and transient
conditions expressed as vague unthriftiness or unsatisfactory growth
and production. The latter assume great importance because they occur
over large areas and affect a large number of animals. Mineral
deficiency signs can be confusing, as observed conditions can involve
more than one mineral and can be combined with the effects of protein
deficiencies various types of parasitism, toxic plants, and
infectious diseases.
Poor animal growth and reproduction problems are common even when
forage supply is adequate, and can be directly related to mineral
deficiencies caused by the low mineral deficiencies caused by the low
mineral concentration in soils and associated forages. In fact,
forage alone rarely can meet all the mineral requirements of grazing
animals. Therefore mineral supplementation is strongly recommended.
Assessment of mineral status of grazing animals involves sampling of
forage consumed by animals and soil upon which the forage grow. A
sample of greatest value from soil, forage, and animal tissues
depends upon the minerals in question. The soil plant animal system
is a complex system which has not been investigated adequately
especially in developing countries. Information is required on
interrelationships of minerals among soil, plant, and animals.
Pastoral industry in Pakistan has to thrive on native pasture, which
is belived to be low in nutritive value. This nutritive levels result
in slow growth rate, maturity, and reproductive problems, low meat
and milk production, and general weakness with a predisposition for
the occurrence of bacteriological, viral and parasitic diseases and
mortality from bacterial infection. Fluctuation of nutrient contents
of the pasture results in the familiar pattern of growth rate of
animals on native grasses, i.e. rapid growth in the rainy seasons,
then followed by a loss of body weight in the dry seasons.
Diet is a useful diagnostic tool in predicting adequacy tool in
predicting adequacy of different minerals. Selective grazing
adventitious ingestion of soil, and variability in mineral reserves
of animals, however, limit the usefulness of pasture nutritive value
in detecting, nutrient status of grazing animals. Selectivity of
grazer may vary with animal species, availability of plant, stage of
maturity, intensity of grazing and weather conditions.
A multitude of factors influence influence the productivity of goat
and sheep herd; however, the overshelming factor is undoubtedly
inadequate nutrition, especially during the dry season. Areas which
seen to have the most potential for increased goat and sheep
production are subject to extensive dry periods. Animals in these
areas depend mostly entirely on pasture production. Inadequate
nutritional levels which interfere with animal production occur in
many parts of the world. In Pakistan livestock production in general
in limited by nutrient deficiencies including inadequate mineral
levels and toxicities. Grazing animals depend almost entirely on
forage for their mineral supply.
To overcome the present situation, a study was conducted in southern
Punjab, Pakistan in two different zones having goats and sheep
grazing the natural pasture. This has helped to locate the areas and
extent of these mineral imbalances and to have the knowledge for the
provision of essential mineral fortification for particular class of
animals species and for the correct season of the year to complement
the available minerals to grazing livestock. On the basis of the
information from this study it would therefore be recommended for
supplementation with mixture of different minerals found deficient in
grazing animals. Farmers are advised to adopt the following
recommendations based on recent study on mineral status of grazing
animals in different. Seasons of the year to maximize their animal's
potential and for cash benefits and provision of the draft power.
This will possibly be helpful to improve be helpful to improve the
nutritional constraints limiting animal productivity and health
conditions.
Recommendations and future prospects
The methods available for the prevention and correctionof mineral
deficiencies and excesses fall in two categories:
Indirect method of modifying mineral intakes by animals through the
use of fertilizers and soil amendments that affect the mineral
composition of pastures and feeds where they are growing. Plants
react to inadequate supplies of available minerals in the soil by
limiting their growth or reducing the concentration of deficient
elements in their tissues or, more commonly, by both together.
Conversely, plants respond to soil applications of deficient mineral
by marking more growth, by increasing the tissue concentration of
element, or by both concurrently. The principles means of modifying
the mineral composition of feed and forages are: (1) the application
of fertilizers and (2) the use of soil amendments, such as lime and
sulfure, which can respectively raise or lower soils pH and so change
the availability of particular minerals to plants rather than to
total content.
Application of magnesium compounds are some times necessary to raise
magnesium of pasture to meet the intense needs of animals for this
element during early lactation. These applications usually have no
effect on pasture yield. The nature of the soil and its treatment are
thus important determinants of the value of seeds, as well as
forages, as a source of minerals to animals.
Direct method involves administration of minerals to animals through
incorporation in to the drinking water, or the rations, and through
the use of mineral salt licks, mixtures, drenches, and injections.
Both methods may be used at the same time.
1) Mineral supplements should be used only when the mineral
requirements of animals cannot be met at adequacy and safety by
judicious, selection, and combination of available feed alone.
2) This requires an understanding of the mineral composition of
feed and of the ways in which they can be combined to supply the
overall nutrient needs of animals for productive processes.
3) N some circumstances mineral supplement are necessary, even
after the best use has been made of available mineral containing
feeds. This supplies particularly with very high producing animals
and where feds of industrial origin, such as urea, which are low in
minerals.
4) Mineral supplements should be used only a local conditions
dictate. In other words, nature and the amounts of mineral
supplements to by used should be based on established needs.
5) The provision of extra minerals beyond these needs is
economically wasteful, confers no additional benefit on the animal
and can be harmful.
6) Commercially mineral mixtures often contained minerals which,
although basically essential to the animal, are already present in
adequate amounts in the pastures and feeds, the animal will consume.
7) There can be no justification for the purchase and use of
such "shortgun" mixtures of minerals which are designed to cover a
very wide range of environments and feeding regimes and which often
contain and unnecessarily wide margin of safety as an insurance
against deficiency.
8) Every farmer and stock-raiser should be on guard against
exaggerated claims of advertising propaganda and salesmanship and
should critically examine claims in the light of the particular
mineral needs of his stock and his conditions.
9) Contrary to popular belief, an appetite for minerals is not a
reliable measure of the animal's needs. The voluntary consumption of
mineral mixtures of licks is determined as much by palatability as by
physiological need.
In this study it was found that at pasture site I having goats and
sites II having sheep, the soil was deficient of K+ in summer and of
Co2+, Na+, and Se2+ during both seasons. Similarly, forage was
deficient in Ca2, Mg2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, Mn2+ and Se2+ during summer
season while for K+, Na+ and Co2+ during both seasons. Thus it is
recommended that.
i) Soil amendment with appropriate fertilizer treatment of soil
be done.
ii) Mineral intake by animals depends more on the type of plants
and level of consumption than on the parent rock from which the soil
was derived and on which plants are grown. Thus improved varieties of
forage species by grown which accumulate maximum amounts of these
minerals to fulfill the requirements of livestock. As the herbs and
legumes are the richer sources than grasses, they be preferably be
grown in this area.
iii) Stage of forage maturity may also be taken into account which
harvesting the forage for consumption or grazing purpose as the
content of different minerals are affected by advancing maturity.
iv) Pasture management involving liming and fertilization can
usually be extremely beneficial to increase forage macro mineral
concentration. Mineral status of goats and sheep based on plasma
minerals showed deficiency of Ca2+, K+, Mg2+ and Na+ in lactating,
non lactating and male animals during both seasons and Cu2+ during
summer in lactating goats only. In sheep, Ca2+, K+, Mg2+ and Na+ in
all classes of animals were found to be deficient. Therefore, it is
recommended that deficiency of Ca2+ be overcome by direct treatment
of animals through supplementation of these minerals in the diet.
Manay of the materials used as P supplement, supply significant
amounts of Ca2+ such as di-calcium phosphate and monocalcium
phosphate in mineral mixtures.
v) Several safe and practical means of rasing the Mg2+ intakes
of animals sufficient to maintain normal plasma value and to prevent
losses from lactation tetany have been devised.
vi) Foliar dusting of pasture, with calcined magenesite (MgO)
before or during tetany prone periods is one such means.
vii) An oral supplement is of value only during seasonal
occurrences of grass tetany. The provision of special high Mg-mineral
blocks or mineral salt mixtures on pasture is more effective in
raising the blood Mg levels quickly during both seasons.
viii) It is known that subcutaneous injection of single dose of 40-
ml of a 25% solution of magnesium sulfate or intravenous injection of
similar dose of magnesium lactate restores plasma Mg2+ of an affected
animal within about 10 minutes.
ix) Depending upon K+ levels in forages and feed already supplied
to animals, it may be necessary to add supplemental K+. several
chemical forms of K+, including the chloride, carbonate, bicarbonate
and orthophosphate sources, are approximately equal in value, and K+
from forages also appears to be effectively utilized.
x) As the forages were have to found to have inadequate
quantities of Na+ to meet the requirement of grazing livestock
throughout the year, it is suggested that this inadequacy should be
overcome by the practice of providing common salt ad libitun. The
salt needs of grazing animals can easily be met with mineral mixtures
containing 20 to 35% salt and consumed at a rate of 45-g per head
daily. Farmers are advised to meet mineral requirements of their
flocks through use of free-choice dietary minerals.
xi) For the prevention of Cu2+ deficiency in lactating goats in
summer season, it is advised to provide additional Cu2+ to animal
diet for the correction of Cu2+ deficiency. It is known that
supplemental Cu is best supplied by incorporation of the element into
a concentrate mixture. However, this method is usually economically
prohibitive under grazing conditions. Cu can be added in drinking
water at the rate of 2 to 3 mg/L to prevent deficiencies.
xii) Supplying Cu2+ in the water probably has more problems and
may be less satisfactory than other methods of supplementation. Under
grazing condition Cu2+ deficiency can be prevented by provision of Cu-
containing supplements, by dosing or drenching animals an intervals
with Cu compounds, or by injection of organic complexes of Cu2+.
xiii) Sub-cutaneous or intramuscular injection of some safe and
slowly absorbed from of Cu2+ (glycinate) constitute satisfactory
means of treating animals in Cu2+ deficiency.
In this study it was found that although sufficient amounts of
minerals were present in the feed supplement being offered to the
animals at farms for complementing the forage mineral for the
requirement of livestock, most of the minerals found deficient in
different classes of animals. It showed that all the minerals in the
feed were not effective in elevating the plasma mineral levels in
some animal during different seasons. It is therefore suggested that
supplementation studies be conducted to determine the need and
economic benefits of mineral supplementation in the following aspects
in order to evaluate mineral supplement for ruminants, (i)
requirements of target animals for the essential nutrients; this
includes the age and breed of the animals involved, and stage of
current production or reproduction cycle and intended purpose for
which the animals are being fed, (ii) relative biological
availability of the mineral sources from which they will be provided.
Only the presence of an element in the supplement does not indicate
its 100% availability (iii) palatability of mineral mixture (iv)
availability of energy-protein supplement (v) approximate daily
intake per head of the mineral mixture and total DM by the target
animals (vi) concentration of all the essential nutrients in the
mineral mixture and forages so that ratio and interrelationships
among minerals may be ascertained, like Ca:P, Cu:Mo:S, Ca: Al,
P:Cu:Se, vitamin D: Ca, Co: Vitamin B12. this other studies are
needed to be carried out to clarify phenomenon like interactions
digestibility and bioavailability of mineral, because when animals
receive a mineral supplement, effect of individual minerals was
confounded with others, so further investigation to eliminate un-
necessary minerals in the supplement is also needed (vii) to develop
methods to evaluate the mineral status of grazing livestock and
biological assay techniques for minerals in both forages and mineral
supplements (viii) to improved methods of providing supplemental
minerals for livestock needed, particularly for grazing animals, with
cost benefit relationships established (ix) to formulate free-choice
mineral supplements for various soil types and ecological regions,
information on mineral supplement consumption is required.
Nutritional relationships to diseases and parasites, environment and
stress and non-nutrient factors affecting requirement need to be
investigated, when normal mineral levels are found, they have been
adequately supplied to the animals through forages and supplemented
mineral mixture to avoid shotgun approach and the antagonistic
behavior of minerals.
Based on findings of deficient or borderline levels of minerals in
forage, feed and plasma, supplemental mineral mixture should be
provided to animals at pasture. It is recommended that supplement
feed should be fed to entire herd at pasture, all over the year in
order to supply animal's need.
Association or correlation among minerals in soil, plant and animals
tissues are low or non-existent. This is because there are many
factors affecting mineral availability from the soil, forage and even
within the animal. All the factors in soil which affect mineral
uptake by the roots of plants and the factors which affect mineral
availability in different parts of the aerial parts of a plant, in
the digestive tract of animals and even in the tissues of the animals
need to be investigated to enable prediction of mineral status of
animals to be made from mineral content of soil and plants. It is
concluded therefore that accurate prediction of animal performance
from mineral content of soil or even from forage that the animal
consumes in indeed quite a challenging task. The observations on the
seasonal availability of minerals to grazing animals through forage
from soil lead to conclusion that supplementation with mineral
mixture of high bioavailability rather than high mineral contents is
more effective during both seasons of the year. Calcium, magnesium,
potassium, sodium, and copper in some instances were considered to be
limiting factors in the production of goats and sheep in this
specified region of Pakistan.
Detailed studies are needed to determine if mineral deficiencies or
excesses are limiting grazing livestock production. Mineral
supplementation studies are needed to evaluate cost benefit
relationship of providing supplement minerals.
When there is no information available on mineral status for specific
regions, then complete (shortgun) mineral mixtures are warranted.
However, with additional information on likely limiting minerals,
more economical mixes can be formulated. The specifically tailored
mineral supplements may produce equal production against complete
commercial supplements along with a high cost saving.
This dissertation will be stimulus and a guide to research in mineral
deficiencies and toxicities for grazing ruminants for c ash benefit
and provision of draft power. This will help in improving the feeding
of animals by livestock producers to expand prophylactic measures to
control abnormalities caused by mineral deficiencies or toxicities.
Specific minerals should not be seen as a cure-all or scapegoat for
any particular problem without through investigation first. Minerals
are interactive ingredients in feeding program as they are dependent
on plant, animal and management factors. Taking minerals lightly
without considering all these factors can prevent us from achieving
our animal's potential for maximum production.
"
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PREVENTIVE MEASURES AGAINST RECENT RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS IN POULTRY
Posted by abdali on Sunday, July 20 @ 16:03:29 PKT (4 reads)
Anonymous writes "PREVENTIVE MEASURES AGAINST RECENT RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS IN POULTRY
PREVENTIVE MEASURES AGAINST RECENT RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS IN POULTRY
PAKISTAN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
(Animal Sciences Division)
Subject: PREVENTIVE MEASURES AGAINST RECENT RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS
IN POULTRY
The Sub-committee of PPA, Disease Control Committee met on 27.06.2003
and recommended the following for effective prevention of current
respiratory problems in poultry.
Vaccination and Preventive Schedule (Broiler)
Age/ days Vaccination Route
1 IB-H120 Eye drop
1 antimycoplasma Therapy
(one day)
3 AI-H7+H9 S/C Injection
5 ND+IB Eye drop
10-12 IBD Intermediate Eye drop
11-12 Antimycoplasma Therapy
(two days)
16-18 HPS S/C Injection
20 ND+IB Drinking water / Eye drop
22-23 Antimycoplasma therapy
(Two days)
23 IBD Intermediate plus Eye drop
Other Important Measures
1. Please follow strict bio-security measures
2. Avoid multi age flocks at the same farm
3. in between two flocks, proper disinfection and time should be
given.
4. Proper chlorination of drinking water
5. Proper disposal of dead birds through burial.
Note:
Some of the immediate requirements for processing samples will be
sent by Dr. Khalid Naeem.
Dr. Hassan Sarosh Akram
Convenor
PPA, Rawalpindi
Fax: 051-4425180
(Dr. M. Afzal)
CSO / Head, ASD)
National Disease Control Committee,
"
(comments? | Score: 0)
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First General Body Meeting of alumni Association (Old bodys Association), Univer
Posted by abdali on Sunday, July 20 @ 16:03:17 PKT (6 reads)
Anonymous writes "First General Body Meeting of alumni Association (Old bodys Association), Univer
ADVERTISEMENT
NOTICE!
First General Body Meeting of alumni Association (Old bodys
Association), University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, will be
held on 20th September 2003 in the University Auditorium at 11:00 A.M.
The agenda shall be as under:
1. Recitation from the Holy Quran
2. Approval of Draft constitution
3. Election of Office Bearers
4. Any other item with the permission of the chair.
All the members are requested to kindly make it convenient to attend
this very important meeting. Please bring your own/ others completed
Registration forms of Alumni working in your areas.
A copy of Draft Constitution is attached herewith please.
Dr. Muhammad Ovais Omer
General Secretary
Mobile: 033-4244780
E-mail: ovomer@h...
"
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RAWALPINDI: Varsity asked to focus on arid farming
Posted by abdali on Sunday, July 20 @ 16:03:05 PKT (9 reads)
Anonymous writes "RAWALPINDI: Varsity asked to focus on arid farming
By Our Staff Reporter
RAWALPINDI, July 9: The objectives of the University of Arid Agriculture (UAA) will not be fulfilled unless its education and research directly benefits common farmers of arid region , the Punjab governor, Lt-Gen Khalid Maqbool (retired), said.
Speaking to the faculty and students of the university during his visit on Wednesday, Lt-Gen Maqbool said irrespective of the number of departments the university had established, it should be ensured that the departments related to arid zone farming and their output benefited arid agriculture.
Underlining the importance of the university for arid farming, Governor Maqbool said its research could serve all the four districts of the Potohar tract, the entire arid region of the Punjab and adjoining areas of Azad Kashmir and the NWFP by increasing the productivity of these areas.
Speaking about the state of education in the country's universities, he cautioned that these seats of higher learning would not be able to survive for long and retain their identity unless they came on a par with reputed universities of the world in research.
He said the universities should impart education of the highest standard so that varsities of the developed world readily accepted their graduates. He said the government was cognizant of the importance of the universities and was fully committed to improving their condition.
Advocating the government's desire to grant administrative and academic autonomy to the universities, he said it was aimed at improving the quality of higher education in the country. This, he said, would be possible when the universities were independent to design their curricula according to international standards and the ground realities in the country and by making the research purposeful.
On the issue of working conditions for the faculty of the country's universities, the governor said the government fully realized that the salary structure of the faculty members should be higher than other sectors, and was taking all possible steps in that direction.
He, however, pointed out that the universities could contribute a lot in this direction through their autonomous status and reforms. He said he was in favour of extending best facilities like computers and internet to the students even in their hostels so that they could wholeheartedly continue their studies and research.
The governor on this occasion inaugurated a green house and a modern irrigation system.
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Invitation For NPC 2003 National Poultry Congress 2003 by PPA
Posted by abdali on Sunday, July 20 @ 16:02:48 PKT (5 reads)
shouq writes "Invitation For NPC 2003 National Poultry Congress 2003 by PPA
(PUNJAB ZONE)
Pakistan Poultry Association is Pakistan's national poultry forum.
Its establishment begins at the grass root level of poultry farmers in small villages and spreads through all towns and cities developing into a strong platform of the poultry sector in Pakistan.
Pakistan is a developing country with a population of 141 million and an agro-based economy. It has over the past years had one of the highest population growth rates in the world and simultaneously a progressive depletion of high protein food resources. The Agricultural Sector constitutes 45 % of our national economic activity and 66% of our population is dependent upon agro-related pursuit for its livelihood.
The need for urgent development of high protein food resources is acutely felt through out the country by all segments of planners and population. Poultry Farming on a commercial scale began in Pakistan in the early 1960's and has today matured to become a vibrant and popular industry.
To give impetus to the growth of the poultry industry in Pakistan we felt the need to give this industry some international exposure and decided to hold the International Poultry Congress & Exhibition 2003 in the lush green and historic city of Lahore on September 12th and September 13th, 2003, under the auspices of the Pakistan Poultry Association. This will be the first ever event of its kind to be held in Pakistan.
We expect our collective participation and contributions on the occasion will enable us all to come out as winners in our efforts to satisfy the need of the populace, give a thrust to the development of the poultry industry in Pakistan, and generate long term and profitable opportunities for all. We thank you for your interest and cordially invite you to participate whole-heartedly in the proceedings.
SINCERELY YOURS
QAZI MUHAMMAD AKBAR
CHAIRMAN
PAKISTAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION (PUNJAB ZONE)
92 51 4423560
RAZA MAHMOOD KHURSAND
CHIEF ORGANIZER
NPC-2003
92 42 7553080-7553090
DR KHALID MAHMOOD SHOUQ
CONVENER
PRESS AND PUBLICRELATION
SUB-COMMITTEE IPCE2002
92 303 7658296
shouq@bremail.com
ABDUL MARUF SIDDIQUI
CONVENOR
PRESS &; PUBLIC RELATION SUB-COMMITTEE
PAKISTAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION
219-MASHRAQ CENTRE BLOCK#14 SIR SHAH MUHAMMAD SULEMAN ROAD GULSHA-E-IQBAL
KARACHI
TEL.0092 21 4940362
FAX.0092 41 4940364
E-MAIL.ppasec@cyber.net.pk
DR KHALID MAH CONVENOR
PRESS &; PUBLIC RELATION SUB-COMMITTEE
PAKISTAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION
(PUNJA ZONE)
17-C 1ST FLOOR NEAR VENUS CINEMACHOBURJI CENTRE MULTAN ROAD LAHORE
TEL.0092 42 7419509
FAX.0092 42 7419509
E-MAIL.ppapunjab@msn.com
FOR DETAILS INFORMATION PLEASE VISIT FOLLOWIN LINK
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/NPC-2003-PPA-PUNJAB-ZONE
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FAROOQ OPTICAL SERVICE
Posted by abdali on Sunday, July 20 @ 16:02:35 PKT (12 reads)
ikko writes "FAROOQ OPTICAL SERVICE *www.FOS4U.com* 10-ALLAMA IQBAL ROAD LAHORE PH: 042-636-5048 DEALS IN CONTACTLENS OF ALL KIND"
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DR KHALID SHOUQ NEW G.SECRETARY WPSA PAKISTAN BRNACH
Posted by abdali on Sunday, July 20 @ 16:02:22 PKT (6 reads)
shouq writes "DR KHALID SHOUQ NEW G.SECRETARY WPSA PAKISTAN BRNACH
DR M SADIQ PRESIDENT WORLD POULTRY ASSOCIATION(WPSA) PAKISTAN BRANCH
NOMINATED DR KHALID MAHMOOD SHOUQ NEW G.SECRETARY OF WORLD POULTRY
ASSOCIATION(WPSA) PAKISTAN BRANCH W.E.F 17-7-2003.....DR KHALID SHOUQ
IS RENOWEND POULTRY JOURNALIST AS WELL AS IN NATIONAL AND
INTERNATIONAL POULTRY JOURNALISM.HE IS EDITOR IN CHIEF NO-1 POULTRY
WEEKLY NEWSPAPAER THE VETERINARY NEWS AND VIEWS AND COORDINATOR
LIVESTOCK &; POULTRY INFORMATIONS NETWORK ......
DR SHOUQ TOOKOVER CHARGE AS G.S WPSA PAKISTAN BRANCH
Objectives World's Poultry Science Association
The World's Poultry Science Association is a long established and
unique organization that strives to advance knowledge and
understanding of all aspects of poultry science and the poultry
industry. Its major role is to encourage, and help facilitate,
liaison among research scientists and educators, and between those in
research and education and those working in the many diverse sectors
of the industry.
HEAD OFFICE
WORLD POULTRY ASSOCIATION(WPSA) PAKISTAN BRANCH
ALLIED COMMECIAL PLAZA CHANDNI CHOWK MUREE ROAD RAWALPINDI
TEL.0092 51 111 505050
CAMP OFFICE
392-A,SAMANABAD FAISALABAD PAKISTAN
TEL AND FAX.0092 41 665392
MOBILE.92 300 6620616
62 303 6711582
E MAIL
khalidshouq@pakissan.com
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/WPSA-PAKBRANCH
Post message: WPSA-PAKBRANCH@yahoogroups.com
Subscribe: WPSA-PAKBRANCH-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
Unsubscribe: WPSA-PAKBRANCH-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com
List owner: WPSA-PAKBRANCH-owner@yahoogroups.com
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MEETING OF POULTRY MEDICINES/VACCINES IMPORTERS AND MANUFACTURER AT JIMKHANA LAH
Posted by abdali on Friday, July 04 @ 00:00:00 PKT (26 reads)
Anonymous writes "MEETING OF POULTRY MEDICINES/VACCINES IMPORTERS AND MANUFACTURER AT JIMKHANA LAHORE ON 09-7-2003 WEDNESDAY
DEAR SIR,
A SPECILA MEETING OF POULTRY MEDICINES/VACCINES IMPORTERS AND MANUFACTURER WILL BE HELD ON AT JIMKHANA LAHORE
ON 09-7-2003 WEDNESDAY 11.00 A.M FOLLOWED BY LUNCH
AGENDA
TO DISCUSS THE PARTICIPATION IN NPC-2003 NATIONAL POULTRY CONGRESS BY PAKISTAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION (PUNJAB ZONE) ON 12-13 SEPTEMBER 2003 AT P.C LAHORE
TO DISCUSS THE ISSUES REGARDING TO POULTRY MEDICINES AND VACCINES
ANY OTHERS MATTER WITH THE PERMISSION OF CHAIR
WE INVITE U TO PARTICIPATE IN THIS MEEING
CH WAHEEDUDIN
CHAIRMAN
PVMIG
92 42 5163244-5166984 FAX.92 42 5162274
amerwd@hotmail.com
DR KHALID MAHMOOD SHOUQ
CONVENOR
PRESS AND PUBLIC RELATIONS
NPC-2003
NATIONAL POULTRY CONGRESS
PAKISTAN POULTRY ASSOCIATION (PUNJAB ZONE)
0300-6620616
khalidshouq@pakissan.com
PLEASE CONFIRM YOUR PARTICIPATION BY E-MAIL
GUESTS IN MEETING
DR MUHAMMAD ASLAM EX-CHAIRMAN PPA
RAZA MAHMOOD KHURSAND CHIEF ORGANIZER NPC-2003
'WTO accord to hit exports'
By Our Correspondent
LARKANA, July 1: The Sindh-Balochistan Rice Millers and Traders Association (SBRMTA) has demanded that the government should defer the implementation of the World Trade Organization agreement to save the country's agriculture sector.
Speaking at a press conference here on Monday, SBRMTA president Gada Hussain Mahisar said without modernizing industries and mills connected with agriculture, the WTO set standards of export could not be met. He said this would have a negative impact on export of the country.
He said some countries had signed the WTO agreement but had sought time to upgrade their mills and industries to meet the required standards. But, he said, Pakistan signed the agreement without realizing the situation.
He regretted that in line with IMF policies, subsidy on agriculture in the country had been stopped and purchasing agriculture produce on support prices had been discontinued which had badly affected this sector.
Mr Mahisar called upon the government to review its decision regarding the WTO agreement as without trained workers and upgraded mills and industries, the country could not meet the set standards.
He said Sindh's agriculture had suffered a great loss due to shortage of water.
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